---
title: These folk stories have been told to me by natives of the various co… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: These folk stories have been told to me by natives of the various countries to which they relate in the Ikom district of Southern Nigeria. Who acts: natives, STORIES. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/11/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Opening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/) / 11

# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These folk stories have been told to me by natives of the various countries to which they relate in the Ikom district of Southern Nigeria.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** natives, STORIES · **What happens:** tell, relate · **To what, where:** folk stories, me, Ikom district · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives, STORIES), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:1:11
# text = These folk stories have been told to me by natives of the various countries to which they relate in the Ikom district of Southern Nigeria.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	natives	native	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	relate	relate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Ikom	Ikom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	Southern	Southern	PROPN	NNP	_	25	flat	_	_
25	Nigeria	Nigeria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive | natives of the various countries | this folk stories | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Topic to i=Recipient |
| 2 | **relate** | present | STORIES *= story* |  |  | the Ikom district of Southern Nigeria |  | to the various countries | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to which=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/10/)
- next →: [sentence 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/12/)
- ↑ back to [Opening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/)