---
title: On the bank opposite to Insofan there are some very tall trees cover… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: On the bank opposite to Insofan there are some very tall trees covered with creepers, in which many thousands of these bats sleep during the day. Who acts: many thousands. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 122

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On the bank opposite to Insofan there are some very tall trees covered with creepers, in which many thousands of these bats sleep during the day.

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**Who acts:** many thousands · **What happens:** cover, sleep · **To what, where:** tall trees, bank opposite

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many thousands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:1:122
# text = On the bank opposite to Insofan there are some very tall trees covered with creepers, in which many thousands of these bats sleep during the day.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Insofan	Insofan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	creepers	creeper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
19	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
24	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
25	during	during	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle · passive |  | some tall trees |  | the bank opposite to Insofan |  | with creepers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with creeper=Theme |
| 2 | **sleep** | present | many thousands of this bats |  |  |  | day | which *obl* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in which=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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