---
title: For example, a native will come to make a complaint that certain goo… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: For example, a native will come to make a complaint that certain goods belonging to him have been stolen and he wants to have the thief punished. Who acts: native, certain goods, object, thief. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening, with its dependen
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 56

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For example, a native will come to make a complaint that certain goods belonging to him have been stolen and he wants to have the thief punished.

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**Who acts:** native, certain goods, object, thief · **What happens:** come, make, belong, steal, want, have · **To what, where:** complaint, object, certain goods, thief

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (native, certain goods, object, thief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:1:56
# text = For example, a native will come to make a complaint that certain goods belonging to him have been stolen and he wants to have the thief punished.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	native	native	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	complaint	complaint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obj	_	_
13	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	stolen	steal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | future | a native |  |  |  |  | for example | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | a native *not said here* | a complaint |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset complaint=Product |
| 3 | **belong** | gerund | certain goods *not said here* |  | object |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **steal** | present · perfect · passive |  | certain goods |  |  |  | a complaint *obj* | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary that=Theme |
| 5 | **want** | present | object |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 6 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | object *not said here* | the thief |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **punish** | participle | the thief *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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