---
title: Anyone who takes the trouble to read these folk stories seriously wi… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Anyone who takes the trouble to read these folk stories seriously will notice that a great deal has to be taken for granted or understood. Who acts: Anyone, great deal. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 69

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Anyone who takes the trouble to read these folk stories seriously will notice that a great deal has to be taken for granted or understood.

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**Who acts:** Anyone, great deal · **What happens:** take, read, notice, have, grant, understand · **To what, where:** trouble, folk stories · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Anyone, great deal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:1:69
# text = Anyone who takes the trouble to read these folk stories seriously will notice that a great deal has to be taken for granted or understood.
1	Anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
9	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	seriously	seriously	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	notice	notice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	xcomp	_	_
22	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	granted	grant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	advcl	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present |  | the trouble |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive |  | this folk stories |  |  |  | seriously *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic |
| 3 | **notice** | future | Anyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **have** | present | a great deal |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **take** | to-infinitive · passive | a great deal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP» |
| 6 | **grant** | participle | a great deal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **understand** | participle | a great deal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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