---
title: It has been suggested in one of the criticisms on my _Folk Stories f… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: It has been suggested in one of the criticisms on my _Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria_ that the native words should be given on one side of the page, and a fairly literal translation on the other. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening, with its de
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 99

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It has been suggested in one of the criticisms on my \_Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria\_ that the native words should be given on one side of the page, and a fairly literal translation on the other.

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**What happens:** suggest, give · **To what, where:** ju, native words, one side

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:1:99
# text = It has been suggested in one of the criticisms on my _Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria_ that the native words should be given on one side of the page, and a fairly literal translation on the other.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	suggested	suggest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	criticisms	criticism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
12	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	Southern	Southern	PROPN	NNP	_	17	flat	_	_
17	Nigeria	Nigeria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
35	fairly	fairly	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	literal	literal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
38	on	on	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | present · perfect · passive |  | ju |  |  |  | in one of the criticisms on my Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria; a literal translation on the other *obl* | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **give** | should · passive |  | the native words |  | one side of the page |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: subject=Theme on side=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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