---
title: When the chief saw that his wife was determined to stay, he made a b… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: When the chief saw that his wife was determined to stay, he made a bush shelter for them both to sleep in. Who acts: chief, wife, people. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., with its dependency tree a
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 14

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When the chief saw that his wife was determined to stay, he made a bush shelter for them both to sleep in.

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**Who acts:** chief, wife, people · **What happens:** see, be, stay, make, sleep in · **To what, where:** bush shelter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, wife, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:10:14
# text = When the chief saw that his wife was determined to stay, he made a bush shelter for them both to sleep in.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	determined	determined	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	bush	bush	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	appos	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the chief |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | Chief's wife |  |  |  |  | determined *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **stay** | to-infinitive | Chief's wife *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | past | Chief | a bush shelter |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelter=Product |
| 5 | **sleep in** | to-infinitive | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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