---
title: Achi was quite alone, when suddenly she felt pains, and shortly afte… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Achi was quite alone, when suddenly she felt pains, and shortly afterwards the child she was expecting was born. Who acts: Achi, fish. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 22

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Achi was quite alone, when suddenly she felt pains, and shortly afterwards the child she was expecting was born.

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**Who acts:** Achi, fish · **What happens:** be, feel, expect, bear · **To what, where:** pains, child

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Achi, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:10:22
# text = Achi was quite alone, when suddenly she felt pains, and shortly afterwards the child she was expecting was born.
1	Achi	Achi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
13	shortly	shortly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	expecting	expect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | past | Achi | pains |  |  |  | fish *nsubj*; suddenly *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 3 | **expect** | past · progressive | fish | the child *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme |
| 4 | **bear** | past · passive |  | the child |  |  |  | afterwards *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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