--- title: He soon discovered that the tortoise had sacrificed himself for the… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: He soon discovered that the tortoise had sacrificed himself for the child, and that the child would therefore live, but he warned the chief that the Ekpinon ju-ju walked about when the sun was high up in the sky, and that he must never allow the child to go out in the middle of the day, as the ju-ju --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/) / 48 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 48 He soon discovered that the tortoise had sacrificed himself for the child, and that the child would therefore live, but he warned the chief that the Ekpinon ju-ju walked about when the sun was high up in the sky, and that he must never allow the child to go out in the middle of the day, as the ju-ju would kill him. **Who acts:** Aja, child, Ekpinon, sun, ju ju · **What happens:** discover, sacrifice, live, warn, walk, be · **To what, where:** tortoise, chief, sky, child, middle, Aja · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aja, child, Ekpinon, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:10:48 # text = He soon discovered that the tortoise had sacrificed himself for the child, and that the child would therefore live, but he warned the chief that the Ekpinon ju-ju walked about when the sun was high up in the sky, and that he must never allow the child to go out in the middle of the day, as the ju-ju would kill him. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 3 advmod _ _ 3 discovered discover VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 tortoise tortoise NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 8 sacrificed sacrifice VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 ccomp _ _ 9 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 8 obj _ _ 10 for for ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 18 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 but but CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 warned warn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 that that SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 Ekpinon Ekpinon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 30 ju ju PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 31 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 32 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 32 ju ju PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 conj _ _ 33 walked walk VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 ccomp _ _ 34 about about ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 35 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 40 advmod _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ _ 38 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 39 high high ADV RB Degree=Pos 40 advmod _ _ 40 up up ADV RB _ 33 advcl _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 46 that that SCONJ IN _ 50 mark _ _ 47 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 nsubj _ _ 48 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 49 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 50 advmod _ _ 50 allow allow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 conj _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obj _ _ 53 to to PART TO _ 54 mark _ _ 54 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 xcomp _ _ 55 out out ADV RB _ 54 advmod _ _ 56 in in ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 57 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 58 det _ _ 58 middle middle NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obl _ _ 59 of of ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 60 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 61 det _ _ 61 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 62 , , PUNCT , _ 69 punct _ _ 63 as as SCONJ IN _ 69 mark _ _ 64 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 65 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 67 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 66 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 65 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 67 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 69 nsubj _ _ 68 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 69 aux _ _ 69 kill kill VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 54 conj _ _ 70 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 69 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 71 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **discover** | past | Aja | | | | | soon *property* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **sacrifice** | past · perfect · passive | | the tortoise | | | | for the child; Aja *obj* | tree rules | | 3 | **live** | would | the child | | | | | therefore *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | Aja | the chief | | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent chief=Recipient clause=Topic | | 5 | **walk** | past | the Ekpinon and ju | | | | | about *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is** | past | the sun | | | the sky | | high, up *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **allow** | must | Aja | the child | | | | | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer child=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | | 8 | **go out** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the child *not said here* | | | the middle of the day | | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **kill** | would | the ju ju | Aja | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/47/) - next →: [sentence 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/49/) - ↑ back to [Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/)