---
title: About this time a ju-ju man called Nkendeng was driven out of the Ok… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: About this time a ju-ju man called Nkendeng was driven out of the Okuni towns into the bush near Insofan because he used to kill people with a poison called Ekpinon. Who acts: man. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi an
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 5

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About this time a ju-ju man called Nkendeng was driven out of the Okuni towns into the bush near Insofan because he used to kill people with a poison called Ekpinon.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** call, drive out, use, kill · **To what, where:** ju man, Okuni towns, people, poison · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:10:5
# text = About this time a ju-ju man called Nkendeng was driven out of the Okuni towns into the bush near Insofan because he used to kill people with a poison called Ekpinon.
1	About	about	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	Nkendeng	Nkendeng	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Okuni	Okuni	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
21	near	near	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Insofan	Insofan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	acl	_	_
33	Ekpinon	Ekpinon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | a ju man *not said here* |  |  |  | Nkendeng *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **drive out** | past · passive |  | a ju man |  | the Okuni towns | time | into the bush near Insofan | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme town=Destination |
| 3 | **use** | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **kill** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* | people |  |  |  | with a poison | vn murder-42.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent people=Patient with poison=Instrument |
| 5 | **call** | participle |  | a poison *not said here* |  |  |  | Ekpinon *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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