---
title: The slave always went with his master into the bush, and helped him… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The slave always went with his master into the bush, and helped him with his trap-setting and carried the heavy loads. Who acts: slave. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiv.--the Fate of Agbor the Hunter, Who Killed His Wife and Children., with its depe
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiv.--the Fate of Agbor the Hunter, Who Killed His Wife and Children., sentence 6

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The slave always went with his master into the bush, and helped him with his trap-setting and carried the heavy loads.

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**Who acts:** slave · **What happens:** go, help, carry · **To what, where:** bush, slave, heavy loads

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiv.--the Fate of Agbor the Hunter, Who Killed His Wife and Children.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (slave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:11:6
# text = The slave always went with his master into the bush, and helped him with his trap-setting and carried the heavy loads.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
17	trap	trap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	setting	setting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	loads	load	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the slave |  |  | the bush |  | with slave's master; always *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into bush=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **help** | past |  |  | slave |  |  | with slave's trap setting | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary with setting=Theme |
| 3 | **carry** | past |  | the heavy loads |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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