---
title: When they got to the mouth of the hole, the cock cut a small piece o… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: When they got to the mouth of the hole, the cock cut a small piece of tie-tie and flew to the top of a tree, taking great care not to look in the direction of the frog. Who acts: holes, cock. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 106

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When they got to the mouth of the hole, the cock cut a small piece of tie-tie and flew to the top of a tree, taking great care not to look in the direction of the frog.

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**Who acts:** holes, cock · **What happens:** get, cut, fly, take, not look · **To what, where:** small piece, great care

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (holes, cock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:12:107
# text = When they got to the mouth of the hole, the cock cut a small piece of tie-tie and flew to the top of a tree, taking great care not to look in the direction of the frog.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cock	cock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	tie	tie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	tie	tie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
31	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	advcl	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | holes *= hole* |  |  |  |  | to the mouth of the hole *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to mouth=Result |
| 2 | **cut** | past | the cock | a small piece of tie tie |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Product |
| 3 | **fly** | past | the cock *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the top of a tree *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to top=Result |
| 4 | **take** | gerund | the cock *not said here* | great care |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent care=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **look** | to-infinitive | the cock *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in the direction of the frog | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in direction=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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