--- title: He had hunted all day, and killed several buck, and when the evening… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: He had hunted all day, and killed several buck, and when the evening came he skinned the animals, and having cut them in half placed the meat over the fire to dry in the smoke. Who acts: OGHABI, evening, half. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyon…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/) / 19 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 19 He had hunted all day, and killed several buck, and when the evening came he skinned the animals, and having cut them in half placed the meat over the fire to dry in the smoke. **Who acts:** OGHABI, evening, half · **What happens:** hunt, kill, come, skin, cut, place · **To what, where:** several buck, animals, meat, fire, smoke This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (OGHABI, evening, half), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:12:19 # text = He had hunted all day, and killed several buck, and when the evening came he skinned the animals, and having cut them in half placed the meat over the fire to dry in the smoke. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 hunted hunt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 5 det _ _ 5 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 killed kill VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 9 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 buck buck NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 13 when when SCONJ WRB _ 16 mark _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 evening evening NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 17 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 skinned skin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 having have AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 24 aux _ _ 24 cut cut VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 25 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 in in SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 27 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 28 nsubj _ _ 28 placed place VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 31 over over ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 34 to to PART TO _ 35 mark _ _ 35 dry dry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 advcl _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hunt** | past · perfect | OGHABI | | | | day | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **kill** | past | | several buck | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buck=Theme | | 3 | **come** | past | the evening | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **skin** | past | OGHABI | the animals | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer animal=Patient | | 5 | **cut** | gerund | | animals *= animal* | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | | 6 | **place** | past | half | the meat | | the fire | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent meat=Theme over fire=Destination | | 7 | **dry** | to-infinitive | half *not said here* | | | the smoke | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/18/) - next →: [sentence 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/20/) - ↑ back to [Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/)