---
title: He then called for his hunting knife which one of the slaves gave hi… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: He then called for his hunting knife which one of the slaves gave him, the other slave called Odo snatched a burning stick from the fire and ran off to call Okpa to come and help. Who acts: Okhabi, one, other slave. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.-
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 23

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He then called for his hunting knife which one of the slaves gave him, the other slave called Odo snatched a burning stick from the fire and ran off to call Okpa to come and help.

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**Who acts:** Okhabi, one, other slave · **What happens:** call, give, snatch, burn, run off, come · **To what, where:** Okhabi, other slave, burning stick, fire, Okpa · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Okhabi, one, other slave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:12:23
# text = He then called for his hunting knife which one of the slaves gave him, the other slave called Odo snatched a burning stick from the fire and ran off to call Okpa to come and help.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	9	det	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	slaves	slave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
19	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	Odo	Odo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	xcomp	_	_
21	snatched	snatch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	amod	_	_
24	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
30	off	off	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	_
33	Okpa	Okpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	advcl	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | Okhabi |  |  |  | then | for Okhabi's hunting knife | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for knife=Recipient |
| 2 | **give** | past | which one |  | Okhabi |  |  | the slaves *nsubj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | the other slave *not said here* |  |  |  | Odo *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **snatch** | past | the other slave | a burning stick |  | the fire |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent stick=Theme from fire=Source |
| 5 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **run off** | past | the other slave *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **call** | to-infinitive | the other slave *not said here* |  | Okpa |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent okpa=Recipient |
| 8 | **come** | to-infinitive | the other slave *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **help** | infinitive | the other slave *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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