--- title: The “pourer out” (Ka-ammum (Ingor) pour drink) takes the demijon or… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: The “pourer out” (Ka-ammum (Ingor) pour drink) takes the demijon or calabash of tombo in his right hand and places it on his knee, then he takes a glass or small calabash in his left hand and having poured a little tombo into the glass he presents it to the chief or the head man present, who makes a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/63/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyon…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/) / 63 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 63 The “pourer out” (Ka-ammum (Ingor) pour drink) takes the demijon or calabash of tombo in his right hand and places it on his knee, then he takes a glass or small calabash in his left hand and having poured a little tombo into the glass he presents it to the chief or the head man present, who makes a little speech asking God (Ossor wor) to be good to them to prevent their children from dying, and to give them good yam crops, etc. He then throws the tombo on the ground. **Who acts:** Ka ammum, pourer, man present, God · **What happens:** pour, take, present, make, ask, be · **To what, where:** drink, demijon, right hand, glass, left hand, little tombo · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ka ammum, pourer, man present, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:12:64 # text = The “pourer out” (Ka-ammum (Ingor) pour drink) takes the demijon or calabash of tombo in his right hand and places it on his knee, then he takes a glass or small calabash in his left hand and having poured a little tombo into the glass he presents it to the chief or the head man present, who makes a little speech asking God (Ossor wor) to be good to them to prevent their children from dying, and to give them good yam crops, etc. He then throws the tombo on the ground. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 “ " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 pourer pourer NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 4 out out ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 5 ” " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 6 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 Ka Ka PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 9 ammum ammum NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 10 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 Ingor Ingor PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 13 pour pour VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 14 drink drink NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 15 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 13 punct _ _ 16 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 demijon demijon NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 or or CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 calabash calabash NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 tombo tombo NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 25 right right ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 on on ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 knee knee NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 36 advmod _ _ 35 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 36 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 parataxis _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 glass glass NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 or or CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 40 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 calabash calabash NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 conj _ _ 42 in in ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 43 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 44 left left ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 47 having have AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 48 aux _ _ 48 poured pour VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 45 conj _ _ 49 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 50 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 51 tombo tombo NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obj _ _ 52 into into ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 glass glass NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 obl _ _ 55 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 56 nsubj _ _ 56 presents present VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 conj _ _ 57 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 56 obj _ _ 58 to to ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 obl _ _ 61 or or CCONJ CC _ 65 cc _ _ 62 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 65 det _ _ 63 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 compound _ _ 64 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 65 compound _ _ 65 present present NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 66 , , PUNCT , _ 68 punct _ _ 67 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 68 nsubj _ _ 68 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 65 acl:relcl _ _ 69 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 71 det _ _ 70 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 71 amod _ _ 71 speech speech NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 obj _ _ 72 asking ask VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 71 acl _ _ 73 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 72 obj _ _ 74 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 76 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 75 Ossor Ossor PROPN NNP Number=Sing 76 compound _ _ 76 wor wor NOUN NN Number=Sing 73 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 77 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 76 punct _ _ 78 to to PART TO _ 80 mark _ _ 79 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 80 cop _ _ 80 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 72 ccomp _ _ 81 to to ADP IN _ 82 case _ _ 82 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 80 obl _ _ 83 to to PART TO _ 84 mark _ _ 84 prevent prevent VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 80 advcl _ _ 85 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 86 nmod:poss _ _ 86 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 84 obj _ _ 87 from from SCONJ IN _ 88 mark _ _ 88 dying die VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 84 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 89 , , PUNCT , _ 92 punct _ _ 90 and and CCONJ CC _ 92 cc _ _ 91 to to PART TO _ 92 mark _ _ 92 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 parataxis _ _ 93 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 92 iobj _ _ 94 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 96 amod _ _ 95 yam yam NOUN NN Number=Sing 96 compound _ _ 96 crops crop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 92 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 97 , , PUNCT , _ 98 punct _ _ 98 etc. etc. NOUN FW Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur 92 conj _ _ 99 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 101 nsubj _ _ 100 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 101 advmod _ _ 101 throws throw VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 98 acl:relcl _ _ 102 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 103 det _ _ 103 tombo tombo NOUN NN Number=Sing 101 obj _ _ 104 on on ADP IN _ 106 case _ _ 105 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 106 det _ _ 106 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 101 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 107 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pour** | present | Ka ammum | drink | | | | | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Patient | | 2 | **take** | present | the pourer | the demijon or calabash of tombo | | ammum's right hand and places tombo | | on ammum's knee | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent demijon=Theme on knee=Destination | | 3 | **take** | present | pourer | a glass or small calabash | | ammum's left hand | then | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent glass=Value in hand=Location | | 4 | **pour** | gerund · perfect | pourer *not said here* | a little tombo | | | | | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tombo=Patient | | 5 | **present** | present | pourer | tombo | the chief or the man present | the glass | | | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to chief=Recipient | | 6 | **make** | present | the man present | a little speech | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Product | | 7 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | God | a little speech *not said here* | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent speech=Recipient | | 8 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | | glass | | | good *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | | glass's children | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer child=Theme | | 10 | **die** | gerund | | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 11 | **give** | to-infinitive | | good yam crops | children *= child* | | | etc. *conj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient crop=Theme | | 12 | **throw** | present | pourer | the tombo | | the ground | then | | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent tombo=Theme on ground=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 62](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/62/) - next →: [sentence 64](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/64/) - ↑ back to [Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/)