---
title: The chief became more anxious as it got later, and there were no sig… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The chief became more anxious as it got later, and there were no signs of any of the people he had sent out, so just before midnight he sent eight more slaves with fire-brands, to help in the search. Who acts: chief, FOOD, signs, Eba. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphin
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 88

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The chief became more anxious as it got later, and there were no signs of any of the people he had sent out, so just before midnight he sent eight more slaves with fire-brands, to help in the search.

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**Who acts:** chief, FOOD, signs, Eba · **What happens:** become, get, be, send out, send, help · **To what, where:** people, eight more slaves, search

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, FOOD, signs, Eba), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:12:89
# text = The chief became more anxious as it got later, and there were no signs of any of the people he had sent out, so just before midnight he sent eight more slaves with fire-brands, to help in the search.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	anxious	anxious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	det	_	_
15	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	acl	_	_
24	out	out	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
26	so	so	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
27	just	just	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	before	before	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
32	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	nummod	_	_
33	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	34	amod	_	_
34	slaves	slave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	brands	brand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	to	to	PART	TO	_	41	mark	_	_
41	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	advcl	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	search	search	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the chief |  |  |  |  | anxious *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | past | FOOD |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **be** | past | no signs of any of the people |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **send out** | past · perfect | Eba | the people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 5 | **send** | past | Eba | eight more slaves |  |  | midnight | with fire brands | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slave=Theme |
| 6 | **help** | to-infinitive | Eba *not said here* |  |  | the search |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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