---
title: Then the hawk, who was also very thirsty, went down to the pond with… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the hawk, who was also very thirsty, went down to the pond with the elephant, and together they dug the mud out until at last they came across the crab. Who acts: hawk. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or,
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head., sentence 20

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Then the hawk, who was also very thirsty, went down to the pond with the elephant, and together they dug the mud out until at last they came across the crab.

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**Who acts:** hawk · **What happens:** be, go down, dig out, come · **To what, where:** mud, last

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:13:20
# text = Then the hawk, who was also very thirsty, went down to the pond with the elephant, and together they dug the mud out until at last they came across the crab.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	thirsty	thirsty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	together	together	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	out	out	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
27	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
28	at	at	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	obl	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
32	across	across	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	crab	crab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the hawk |  |  |  |  | thirsty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go down** | past | the hawk |  |  |  | then | to the pond with the elephant; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **dig out** | past | hawk | the mud |  |  |  | together *property* | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mud=Theme |
| 4 | **come** | past | hawk |  |  | last |  | across the crab | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across crab=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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