---
title: She also told them that she had found out how to escape from the dru… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: She also told them that she had found out how to escape from the drum before she came, and had brought some sharp razors to help them to cut their way out. Who acts: Inkang, people. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Wate
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 120

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She also told them that she had found out how to escape from the drum before she came, and had brought some sharp razors to help them to cut their way out.

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**Who acts:** Inkang, people · **What happens:** tell, find out, escape, come, bring, help · **To what, where:** people, drum, sharp razors, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inkang, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:14:120
# text = She also told them that she had found out how to escape from the drum before she came, and had brought some sharp razors to help them to cut their way out.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
23	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
24	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	razors	razor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	out	out	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Inkang |  | people |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **find out** | past · perfect | Inkang |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **escape** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the drum |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from drum=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **come** | past | Inkang |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **bring** | past · perfect | Inkang *not said here* | some sharp razors |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent razor=Theme |
| 6 | **help** | to-infinitive | Inkang *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 7 | **cut out** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | people's way |  |  |  | out *property* | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector way=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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