---
title: In the morning Inkang Ezen gave her razors to the men, and they at o… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: In the morning Inkang Ezen gave her razors to the men, and they at once climbed up into the drum, and commenced cutting the drum’s heart out, bit by bit. Who acts: Inkang, razors. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 122

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In the morning Inkang Ezen gave her razors to the men, and they at once climbed up into the drum, and commenced cutting the drum’s heart out, bit by bit.

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**Who acts:** Inkang, razors · **What happens:** give, climb up, commence, cut out · **To what, where:** razors, men, drum, heart

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inkang, razors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:14:122
# text = In the morning Inkang Ezen gave her razors to the men, and they at once climbed up into the drum, and commenced cutting the drum’s heart out, bit by bit.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	Inkang	Inkang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	Ezen	Ezen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	razors	razor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	17	obl	_	_
17	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	commenced	commence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
25	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	xcomp	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’s	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
30	out	out	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
33	by	by	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Inkang | Inkang's razors | the men |  | morning |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent razor=Theme to man=Recipient |
| 2 | **climb up** | past | razors *= razor* |  |  | the drum |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into drum=Destination |
| 3 | **commence** | past | Inkang *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **cut out** | gerund | Inkang *not said here* | the drum's heart |  |  |  | by bit; bit *obl* | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector heart=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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