--- title: Nara was very frightened when she saw the witches, and kept quite qu… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: Nara was very frightened when she saw the witches, and kept quite quiet, but when she saw them go down to the stream she thought they had all gone, so she moved about in the branches and looked all round. Who acts: Nara, witches. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/) / 25 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 25 Nara was very frightened when she saw the witches, and kept quite quiet, but when she saw them go down to the stream she thought they had all gone, so she moved about in the branches and looked all round. **Who acts:** Nara, witches · **What happens:** be, see, keep, go down, think, have · **To what, where:** witches, stream, branches · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nara, witches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:14:25 # text = Nara was very frightened when she saw the witches, and kept quite quiet, but when she saw them go down to the stream she thought they had all gone, so she moved about in the branches and looked all round. 1 Nara Nara PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 very very ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 frightened frightened ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 appos _ _ 5 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 7 advmod _ _ 6 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 witches witch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 13 quite quite ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 quiet quiet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 but but CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 19 advmod _ _ 18 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 xcomp _ _ 22 down down ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 stream stream NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 26 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 acl:relcl _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 ccomp _ _ 30 all all ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 gone gone ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 so so ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 34 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 moved move VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 36 about about ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 branches branch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 conj _ _ 42 all all ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 round round ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 44 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | | | | | | frightened *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **see** | past | Nara | the witches | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer witch=Stimulus | | 3 | **keep** | past | Nara *not said here* | | | | | quiet *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **see** | past | Nara | witches *= witch* | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **go down** | infinitive | witches *= witch* *not said here* | | | | | to the stream; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 6 | **think** *speech: other* | past | Nara | the stream *not said here* | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent stream=Attribute clause=Theme | | 7 | **have** | past | witches *= witch* | | | | | gone *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **move about** | past | Nara | | | the branches | | about *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in branch=Trajectory | | 9 | **look** | past | Nara *not said here* | | | | | round *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/24/) - next →: [sentence 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/26/) - ↑ back to [Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/)