---
title: The cripple also lay down and closed his eyes, pretending to be asle… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The cripple also lay down and closed his eyes, pretending to be asleep, but in reality he was wide-awake and very watchful. Who acts: cripple. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., with its dependency tree and the pr
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/54/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/) / 54

# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 54

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cripple also lay down and closed his eyes, pretending to be asleep, but in reality he was wide-awake and very watchful.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cripple · **What happens:** lie down, close, pretend, be · **To what, where:** eyes, reality

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cripple), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:14:54
# text = The cripple also lay down and closed his eyes, pretending to be asleep, but in reality he was wide-awake and very watchful.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cripple	cripple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	closed	close	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	pretending	pretend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	reality	reality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	very	very	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	watchful	watchful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie down** | past | the cripple |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **close** | past | the cripple *not said here* | cripple's eyes |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |
| 3 | **pretend** | gerund | the cripple *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive | the cripple *not said here* |  |  |  |  | asleep *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past | cripple |  |  | reality |  | awake *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  | cripple *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 53](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/53/)
- next →: [sentence 55](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/55/)
- ↑ back to [Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/)