---
title: Ogbaja went out every morning with his bow and arrows, and generally… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Ogbaja went out every morning with his bow and arrows, and generally returned in the evening just before it was dark, carrying the animals he had killed. Who acts: Ogbaja, food, animals. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 6

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Ogbaja went out every morning with his bow and arrows, and generally returned in the evening just before it was dark, carrying the animals he had killed.

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**Who acts:** Ogbaja, food, animals · **What happens:** go out, return, be, carry, kill · **To what, where:** animals, Ogbaja

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ogbaja, food, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:14:6
# text = Ogbaja went out every morning with his bow and arrows, and generally returned in the evening just before it was dark, carrying the animals he had killed.
1	Ogbaja	Ogbaja	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	just	just	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
19	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | Ogbaja |  |  |  | morning | with Ogbaja's bow and arrows | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with bow=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **return** | participle | Ogbaja *not said here* |  |  |  | evening | generally *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | food |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **carry** | gerund | food *not said here* | the animals |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |
| 5 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive | the animals *not said here* | Ogbaja |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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