---
title: They then dragged the cripple down to the waterside, where they made… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: They then dragged the cripple down to the waterside, where they made a large fire, and put the water-pot into it. Who acts: people. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 63

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They then dragged the cripple down to the waterside, where they made a large fire, and put the water-pot into it.

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**Who acts:** people · **What happens:** drag down, make, put · **To what, where:** cripple, waterside, large fire, water pot, pot

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:14:63
# text = They then dragged the cripple down to the waterside, where they made a large fire, and put the water-pot into it.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	dragged	drag	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cripple	cripple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	waterside	waterside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drag down** | past | people | the cripple |  | the waterside | then | down *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cripple=Theme to waterside=Destination |
| 2 | **make** | past | people | a large fire |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fire=Product |
| 3 | **put** | infinitive | people *not said here* | the water pot |  | pot |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent pot=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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