---
title: XX.--HOW IBANANG OKPONG AND HER MOTHER WERE SWALLOWED BY A MAN-EATIN… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: XX.--HOW IBANANG OKPONG AND HER MOTHER WERE SWALLOWED BY A MAN-EATING DRUM, AND HOW THEY ESCAPED FROM ITS INSIDE. Who acts: IBANANG. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 69

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XX.--HOW IBANANG OKPONG AND HER MOTHER WERE SWALLOWED BY A MAN-EATING DRUM, AND HOW THEY ESCAPED FROM ITS INSIDE.

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**Who acts:** IBANANG · **What happens:** swallow, eat, escape · **To what, where:** IBANANG, XX

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (IBANANG), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:14:69
# text = XX.--HOW IBANANG OKPONG AND HER MOTHER WERE SWALLOWED BY A MAN-EATING DRUM, AND HOW THEY ESCAPED FROM ITS INSIDE.
1	XX	xx	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	HOW	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
5	IBANANG	IBANANG	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	OKPONG	OKPONG	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
7	AND	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	HER	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	MOTHER	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	WERE	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	SWALLOWED	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
12	BY	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	MAN	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	EATING	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	amod	_	_
17	DRUM	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	AND	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	HOW	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
21	THEY	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	ESCAPED	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
23	FROM	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	ITS	its	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
25	INSIDE	inside	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swallow** | past · passive |  | IBANANG and E.D's MOTHER |  |  |  | by a EATING DRUM | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | MAN *compound* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **escape** | past | IBANANG |  |  |  |  | from DRUM; inside *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from its=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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