---
title: This drum was made out of the trunk of a hard-wood tree and hollowed… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: This drum was made out of the trunk of a hard-wood tree and hollowed out with a long slit at the top. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 71

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This drum was made out of the trunk of a hard-wood tree and hollowed out with a long slit at the top.

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**What happens:** make out, hollow out · **To what, where:** drum, trunk

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:14:71
# text = This drum was made out of the trunk of a hard-wood tree and hollowed out with a long slit at the top.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	hollowed	hollow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	slit	slit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make out** | past · passive |  | this drum |  | the trunk of a wood tree |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hollow out** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with a long slit at the top | vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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