---
title: After she had gone for a little distance outside the town, Ibanang c… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: After she had gone for a little distance outside the town, Ibanang came to a place where the path divided and, not knowing which way to go, she took the path which led to the right, and ran on until she came to a cripple sitting on the side of the path beneath a tree. Who acts: mother, Ibanang, path
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 87

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After she had gone for a little distance outside the town, Ibanang came to a place where the path divided and, not knowing which way to go, she took the path which led to the right, and ran on until she came to a cripple sitting on the side of the path beneath a tree.

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**Who acts:** mother, Ibanang, path, cripple · **What happens:** go, come, divide, not know, take, lead · **To what, where:** place, way, path, cripple, side

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother, Ibanang, path, cripple), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:14:87
# text = After she had gone for a little distance outside the town, Ibanang came to a place where the path divided and, not knowing which way to go, she took the path which led to the right, and ran on until she came to a cripple sitting on the side of the path beneath a tree.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	Ibanang	Ibanang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	21	advmod	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	divided	divide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
26	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	27	det	_	_
27	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
36	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	acl:relcl	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
43	on	on	ADP	RP	_	42	compound:prt	_	_
44	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
45	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	advcl	_	_
47	to	to	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	cripple	cripple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
50	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	49	acl	_	_
51	on	on	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nmod	_	_
57	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · perfect | mother |  |  |  |  | for a little distance outside the town | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for distance=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **come** | past | Ibanang |  |  | a place |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **divide** | past | the path |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **know** | gerund | the path *not said here* | which way |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer way=Stimulus |
| 5 | **go** | to-infinitive | the path *not said here* | which way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **take** | past | mother | the path |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Theme |
| 7 | **lead** | past | the path |  |  |  |  | to the right | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to right=Patient |
| 8 | **run on** | past | mother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **come** | past | mother |  |  | a cripple |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to cripple=Initial\_Location |
| 10 | **sit** | gerund | a cripple *not said here* |  |  | the side of the path |  | beneath a tree | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on side=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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