--- title: But the hawk, having nothing to pay with, gave the goat one of his f… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: But the hawk, having nothing to pay with, gave the goat one of his feathers out of his wing to settle the matter, and said that those particular feathers were much liked by the young men, who were fond of dancing, and also by the fighting-men, as they put them in their hair for decoration and then d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/15/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Sm…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/15/) / 17 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong., sentence 17 But the hawk, having nothing to pay with, gave the goat one of his feathers out of his wing to settle the matter, and said that those particular feathers were much liked by the young men, who were fond of dancing, and also by the fighting-men, as they put them in their hair for decoration and then danced round the town. **Who acts:** hawk, young men, feathers · **What happens:** have, pay, give, settle, say, like · **To what, where:** nothing, goat, wing, matter, particular feathers, men · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk, young men, feathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:15:17 # text = But the hawk, having nothing to pay with, gave the goat one of his feathers out of his wing to settle the matter, and said that those particular feathers were much liked by the young men, who were fond of dancing, and also by the fighting-men, as they put them in their hair for decoration and then danced round the town. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 hawk hawk NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 having have VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 acl _ _ 6 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 5 obj _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 pay pay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 acl _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 8 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 11 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 goat goat NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 13 flat _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ _ 18 out out ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 wing wing NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 settle settle VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 matter matter NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 29 that that SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 30 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 32 det _ _ 31 particular particular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 33 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux:pass _ _ 34 much much ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 35 liked like VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 ccomp _ _ 36 by by ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 41 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 43 nsubj _ _ 42 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 cop _ _ 43 fond fond ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 44 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 dancing dancing NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 48 also also ADV RB _ 53 advmod _ _ 49 by by ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 51 fighting fighting NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 52 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 51 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 53 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 54 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 55 as as SCONJ IN _ 57 mark _ _ 56 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 57 nsubj _ _ 57 put put VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 parataxis _ _ 58 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 57 obj _ _ 59 in in ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 60 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 61 nmod:poss _ _ 61 hair hair NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 obl _ _ 62 for for ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 63 decoration decoration NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 nmod _ _ 64 and and CCONJ CC _ 66 cc _ _ 65 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 66 advmod _ _ 66 danced dance VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 57 conj _ _ 67 round round ADP IN _ 69 case _ _ 68 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 69 det _ _ 69 town town NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 70 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | gerund | the hawk *not said here* | nothing | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | | 2 | **pay** | to-infinitive | the hawk *not said here* | nothing *not said here* | | | | | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **give** | past | the hawk | the goat | | hawk's wing | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goat=Theme | | 4 | **settle** | to-infinitive | the hawk *not said here* | the matter | | | | | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme matter=Location | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the hawk *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **like** | past · passive | the young men | that particular feathers | | | | by the fighting men | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme | | 7 | **is** | past | the young men | | | | | of dancing; fond *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **put** | past | feathers *= feather* | men *= man* | | feathers's hair for decoration | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in hair=Destination | | 9 | **dance** | past | feathers *= feather* *not said here* | | | the town | then | | vn waltz-51.5 «NP V PP.trajectory PP.goal»: agent=Theme round town=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/15/16/) - next →: [sentence 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/15/18/) - ↑ back to [Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/15/)