---
title: The next day the goat went one day’s march inland from the river, wh… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The next day the goat went one day’s march inland from the river, where yams were unknown, and found that all the people were planting koko yams, which are very inferior in every way. Who acts: goat, yams, people, koko yams. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayr
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong., sentence 24

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The next day the goat went one day’s march inland from the river, where yams were unknown, and found that all the people were planting koko yams, which are very inferior in every way.

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**Who acts:** goat, yams, people, koko yams · **What happens:** go, be, find, plant · **To what, where:** march, river, koko yams, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (goat, yams, people, koko yams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:15:24
# text = The next day the goat went one day’s march inland from the river, where yams were unknown, and found that all the people were planting koko yams, which are very inferior in every way.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’s	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	march	march	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	inland	inland	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	19	advmod	_	_
17	yams	yam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
24	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	26	det:predet	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	planting	plant	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	ccomp	_	_
29	koko	koko	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	yams	yam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
33	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
34	very	very	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	inferior	inferior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	38	det	_	_
38	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the goat | one day's march |  | the river | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | yams |  |  |  |  | unknown *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **find** | past | the goat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **plant** | past · progressive | all people | koko yams |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yam=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | koko yams |  |  | every way |  | inferior *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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