---
title: ’Nyambi promised, and having told Oga not to make a noise, he cut th… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: ’Nyambi promised, and having told Oga not to make a noise, he cut the thing off, and turned the chief out of his house. Who acts: Nyambi. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., with its dependency tree and
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., sentence 113

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’Nyambi promised, and having told Oga not to make a noise, he cut the thing off, and turned the chief out of his house.

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**Who acts:** Nyambi · **What happens:** promise, tell, not make, cut off, turn · **To what, where:** Oga, noise, thing, chief, house · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nyambi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:17:113
# text = ’Nyambi promised, and having told Oga not to make a noise, he cut the thing off, and turned the chief out of his house.
1	’	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nyambi	Nyambi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux	_	_
7	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
8	Oga	Oga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	iobj	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	off	off	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	out	out	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | Nyambi |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund · perfect |  |  | Oga |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent oga=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a noise |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |
| 4 | **cut off** | past | NYAMBI | the thing |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector thing=Eventuality |
| 5 | **turn** | past | Nyambi *not said here* | the chief |  | NYAMBI's house |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent chief=Theme out house=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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