---
title: At first Abang refused, as he did not like the idea of putting on th… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: At first Abang refused, as he did not like the idea of putting on the dirty skin, so he asked Oga if the sores hurt. Who acts: Abang, Oga, idea, sores. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, with i
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 13

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At first Abang refused, as he did not like the idea of putting on the dirty skin, so he asked Oga if the sores hurt.

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**Who acts:** Abang, Oga, idea, sores · **What happens:** refuse, not like, put, ask, hurt · **To what, where:** idea, dirty skin, Oga

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abang, Oga, idea, sores), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:18:13
# text = At first Abang refused, as he did not like the idea of putting on the dirty skin, so he asked Oga if the sores hurt.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	obl	_	_
3	Abang	Abang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
23	Oga	Oga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	iobj	_	_
24	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	sores	sore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | Abang |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **like** | past · do-support | Oga | the idea |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot idea=Theme |
| 3 | **put** | gerund | the idea *not said here* |  |  | the dirty skin |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on skin=Destination |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Oga |  | Oga |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent oga=Recipient |
| 5 | **hurt** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the sores |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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