---
title: When the people from Bendega came near the town of Inkum, Abang, who… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: When the people from Bendega came near the town of Inkum, Abang, who was disguised in the dress of an Egbo and covered from head to foot in a very fantastic costume, sent some boys to Oga with a message telling him to come out and meet them. Who acts: people, message. A sentence of «Ikom folk storie
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 37

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When the people from Bendega came near the town of Inkum, Abang, who was disguised in the dress of an Egbo and covered from head to foot in a very fantastic costume, sent some boys to Oga with a message telling him to come out and meet them.

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**Who acts:** people, message · **What happens:** come, disguise, cover, send, tell, come out · **To what, where:** town, head, boys, Oga · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, message), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:18:37
# text = When the people from Bendega came near the town of Inkum, Abang, who was disguised in the dress of an Egbo and covered from head to foot in a very fantastic costume, sent some boys to Oga with a message telling him to come out and meet them.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Bendega	Bendega	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	advcl	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Inkum	Inkum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Abang	Abang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	disguised	disguise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Egbo	Egbo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	very	very	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	fantastic	fantastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	costume	costume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
37	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	38	det	_	_
38	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	Oga	Oga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
41	with	with	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
44	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	43	acl	_	_
45	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	iobj	_	_
46	to	to	PART	TO	_	47	mark	_	_
47	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	xcomp	_	_
48	out	out	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	conj	_	_
51	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	36	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the people from Bendega |  |  | the town of Inkum and Abang |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near town=Location |
| 2 | **disguise** | past · passive |  | the town of Inkum and Abang |  |  |  | in the dress of a Egbo | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in dress=Theme |
| 3 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  | head |  | to foot; in a fantastic costume | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in costume=Theme |
| 4 | **send** | past |  | some boys | Oga |  |  | with a message | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent boy=Theme to oga=Destination |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | a message *not said here* |  | Oga |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **come out** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a message *not said here* |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **meet** | infinitive | a message *not said here* | boys *= boy* |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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