---
title: Oga was so proud at hearing that a play had come all the way from Be… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Oga was so proud at hearing that a play had come all the way from Bendega to escort him to the town that he willingly went out to meet them, not knowing that the real Abang had come with them. Who acts: Oga, play, real Abang. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Day
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 38

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Oga was so proud at hearing that a play had come all the way from Bendega to escort him to the town that he willingly went out to meet them, not knowing that the real Abang had come with them.

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**Who acts:** Oga, play, real Abang · **What happens:** be, hear, come, escort, go out, meet · **To what, where:** way, Oga, town, plays · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oga, play, real Abang), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:18:38
# text = Oga was so proud at hearing that a play had come all the way from Bendega to escort him to the town that he willingly went out to meet them, not knowing that the real Abang had come with them.
1	Oga	Oga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	ccomp	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Bendega	Bendega	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	escort	escort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	willingly	willingly	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
27	out	out	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
33	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
34	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	Abang	Abang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
38	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	33	ccomp	_	_
40	with	with	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Oga |  |  |  |  | proud *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | gerund | Oga *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **come** | past · perfect | a play | all way from Bendega |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **escort** | to-infinitive | a play *not said here* | Oga |  | the town |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to town=Destination |
| 5 | **go out** | past | Oga |  |  |  |  | out, willingly *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **meet** | to-infinitive | Oga *not said here* | plays *= play* |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |
| 7 | **not** **know** | gerund | Oga *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 8 | **come** | past · perfect | the real Abang |  |  |  |  | with plays *= play* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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