--- title: Abang however, was kind-hearted, and allowed Oga to keep all the pre… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: Abang however, was kind-hearted, and allowed Oga to keep all the presents he had received, as he was very poor and he was sorry for him having such a wretched body and being all covered with sores. Who acts: Abang, Oga. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/43/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Change…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/) / 43 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 43 Abang however, was kind-hearted, and allowed Oga to keep all the presents he had received, as he was very poor and he was sorry for him having such a wretched body and being all covered with sores. **Who acts:** Abang, Oga · **What happens:** be, allow, keep, receive, have, cover · **To what, where:** Oga, presents, wretched body, all This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abang, Oga), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:18:43 # text = Abang however, was kind-hearted, and allowed Oga to keep all the presents he had received, as he was very poor and he was sorry for him having such a wretched body and being all covered with sores. 1 Abang Abang PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 2 however however ADV RB _ 1 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 kind kind ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 hearted hearted ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 allowed allow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 11 Oga Oga PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 iobj _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ _ 14 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 16 det:predet _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 presents present NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 17 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 received receive VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 16 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 21 as as SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 22 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 23 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 24 very very ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 conj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 29 sorry sorry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 conj _ _ 30 for for SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 31 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 having have VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 advcl _ _ 33 such such DET PDT PronType=Ind 36 det:predet _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 wretched wretched ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 38 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 40 aux:pass _ _ 39 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 40 nsubj:pass _ _ 40 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 conj _ _ 41 with with ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 sores sore NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Abang | | | | | hearted *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **allow** | past | Abang *not said here* | | Oga | | | | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer oga=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **keep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Abang *not said here* | all presents | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent present=Theme | | 4 | **receive** | past · perfect | Oga | all presents *not said here* | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent present=Theme | | 5 | **is** | past | Oga | | | | | poor *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | past | Oga | | | | | sorry *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **have** | gerund | Oga | such wretched body | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Patient | | 8 | **cover** | gerund · passive | | all | | | | with sores | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with sore=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/42/) - next →: [sentence 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/44/) - ↑ back to [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/)