--- title: [9] The old man continually made sacrifices to his ju-ju of goats an… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: [9] The old man continually made sacrifices to his ju-ju of goats and fowls and all the young men of the town brought him presents as sacrifices so that they should not get the disease, which is very common throughout the country. Who acts: old man, men, disease. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories fro --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Change…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/) / 48 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 48 \[9\] The old man continually made sacrifices to his ju-ju of goats and fowls and all the young men of the town brought him presents as sacrifices so that they should not get the disease, which is very common throughout the country. **Who acts:** old man, men, disease · **What happens:** make, bring, not get, be · **To what, where:** 9, presents, Okpa, disease This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, men, disease), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:18:48 # text = [9] The old man continually made sacrifices to his ju-ju of goats and fowls and all the young men of the town brought him presents as sacrifices so that they should not get the disease, which is very common throughout the country. 1 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 9 9 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 3 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 2 punct _ _ 4 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 7 continually continually ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 sacrifices sacrifice NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 11 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 12 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 13 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 14 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 goats goat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 fowls fowl NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 20 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 23 det:predet _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 town town NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 brought bring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 28 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 presents present NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 30 as as ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 sacrifices sacrifice NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 32 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 37 mark _ _ 33 that that SCONJ IN _ 32 fixed _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 35 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 36 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 37 get get VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 advcl _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 41 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 44 nsubj _ _ 42 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 43 very very ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 44 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 acl:relcl _ _ 45 throughout throughout ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | past | the old man | 9 | | | | sacrifices *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sacrifice=Product | | 2 | **bring** | past | the old man *not said here* | presents | Okpa | | | to Okpa's ju ju of goats and fowls and all young men of the town; as sacrifices | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination present=Theme | | 3 | **not** **get** | should | men *= man* | the disease | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer disease=Stimulus | | 4 | **is** | present | the disease | | | | throughout the country | common *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/47/) - next →: [sentence 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/49/) - ↑ back to [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/)