---
title: But he did nothing to the hare, and when he came to where he was sit… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: But he did nothing to the hare, and when he came to where he was sitting he called upon the newcomer to go and bring the usual present of a goat or a fowl to sacrifice to the ’Nda ju-ju. Who acts: Okpa. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Ben
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 55

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But he did nothing to the hare, and when he came to where he was sitting he called upon the newcomer to go and bring the usual present of a goat or a fowl to sacrifice to the ’Nda ju-ju.

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**Who acts:** Okpa · **What happens:** do, come, sit, call, go, bring · **To what, where:** nothing, usual present, Nda ju ju · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Okpa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:18:55
# text = But he did nothing to the hare, and when he came to where he was sitting he called upon the newcomer to go and bring the usual present of a goat or a fowl to sacrifice to the ’Nda ju-ju.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	parataxis	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	newcomer	newcomer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	acl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
37	sacrifice	sacrifice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	acl	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
40	’	'	PUNCT	``	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	Nda	Nda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	_
42	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | Okpa | nothing |  |  |  | to the hare | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **come** | past | Okpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sit** | past · progressive | Okpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **call** | participle | Okpa |  |  |  |  | upon the newcomer | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **go** | to-infinitive | Okpa *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **bring** | infinitive | Okpa *not said here* | the usual present of a goat or a fowl |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent present=Theme |
| 7 | **sacrifice** | to-infinitive | Okpa *not said here* |  | the Nda ju ju |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to ju=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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