---
title: So the Elephantiasis, who really was hungry, agreed to stop on the g… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: So the Elephantiasis, who really was hungry, agreed to stop on the ground, and the hare, relieved of the great weight, at once climbed the rubber vine and commenced to throw down the fruit, which the Elephantiasis gathered and put in the bag. Who acts: Elephantiasis, hare. A sentence of «Ikom folk s
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 64

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So the Elephantiasis, who really was hungry, agreed to stop on the ground, and the hare, relieved of the great weight, at once climbed the rubber vine and commenced to throw down the fruit, which the Elephantiasis gathered and put in the bag.

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**Who acts:** Elephantiasis, hare · **What happens:** be, agree, stop, climb, commence, throw down · **To what, where:** ground, rubber vine, fruit, bag

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephantiasis, hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:18:64
# text = So the Elephantiasis, who really was hungry, agreed to stop on the ground, and the hare, relieved of the great weight, at once climbed the rubber vine and commenced to throw down the fruit, which the Elephantiasis gathered and put in the bag.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Elephantiasis	Elephantiasis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	really	really	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	agreed	agree	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	relieved	relieved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	29	advmod	_	_
29	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	vine	vine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	commenced	commence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	xcomp	_	_
37	down	down	ADP	RP	_	36	compound:prt	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
41	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	44	obj	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	Elephantiasis	Elephantiasis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
44	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	parataxis	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
46	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	44	conj	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Elephantiasis |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj*; hungry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **agree** *speech: agree* | participle | the Elephantiasis *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Elephantiasis *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **be** |  | the hare |  |  |  |  | of the great weight | tree rules |
| 5 | **climb** | past |  | the rubber vine |  |  |  | once *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location vine=Theme |
| 6 | **commence** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **throw down** | to-infinitive |  | the fruit |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme |
| 8 | **gather** | past | the Elephantiasis | the fruit |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 9 | **put** | participle | the Elephantiasis *not said here* |  |  | the bag |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in bag=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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