---
title: They then armed themselves with bows and arrows to protect their hom… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: They then armed themselves with bows and arrows to protect their homes from the enemy. Who acts: people. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 13

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They then armed themselves with bows and arrows to protect their homes from the enemy.

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**Who acts:** people · **What happens:** arm, protect · **To what, where:** people, homes

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:19:13
# text = They then armed themselves with bows and arrows to protect their homes from the enemy.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	armed	arm	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bows	bow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arm** | past | people | people |  |  | then | with bows and arrows | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent themselves=Recipient with bow=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | people's homes |  |  |  | from the enemy | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent home=Beneficiary from enemy=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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