--- title: The people said he had not come that way, but the Elephantiasis repl… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: The people said he had not come that way, but the Elephantiasis replied that he had just heard the hare’s voice, and again threatened to jump on one of the men if they did not show him where the hare was hiding. Who acts: people, Elephantiasis, hare. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Ni --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Change…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/) / 18 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 18 The people said he had not come that way, but the Elephantiasis replied that he had just heard the hare’s voice, and again threatened to jump on one of the men if they did not show him where the hare was hiding. **Who acts:** people, Elephantiasis, hare · **What happens:** say, not come, reply, hear, threaten, jump · **To what, where:** way, voice, Elephantiasis · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, Elephantiasis, hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:19:18 # text = The people said he had not come that way, but the Elephantiasis replied that he had just heard the hare’s voice, and again threatened to jump on one of the men if they did not show him where the hare was hiding. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 5 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 6 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 7 advmod _ _ 7 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 ccomp _ _ 8 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 det _ _ 9 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 Elephantiasis Elephantiasis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 replied reply VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 16 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 17 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 18 just just ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 19 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 14 ccomp _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 hare hare NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 22 ’s 's PART POS _ 21 case _ _ 23 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 again again ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 threatened threaten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 jump jump VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 xcomp _ _ 30 on on ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 29 obl _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nmod _ _ 35 if if SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 36 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 37 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 38 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 39 advmod _ _ 39 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 advcl _ _ 40 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 iobj _ _ 41 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 45 advmod _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 hare hare NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ _ 44 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 45 hiding hide VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 39 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the people | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **not** **come** | past | Elephantiasis | that way | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | the Elephantiasis | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **hear** | past · perfect | Elephantiasis | the hare's voice | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | | 5 | **threaten** | participle | the people *not said here* | | | | again | | tree rules | | 6 | **jump** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the people *not said here* | | | | | on one of the men | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on one=Trajectory | | 7 | **not** **show** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · do-support | people | | Elephantiasis | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | | 8 | **hide** | past · progressive | the hare | | | | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/17/) - next →: [sentence 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/19/) - ↑ back to [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/)