---
title: The hare then shouted out to the crab to fight well, and that when s… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The hare then shouted out to the crab to fight well, and that when she had killed the Elephantiasis they would both make a good meal off him. Who acts: hare, claws. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., p
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 31

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The hare then shouted out to the crab to fight well, and that when she had killed the Elephantiasis they would both make a good meal off him.

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**Who acts:** hare, claws · **What happens:** shout out, fight, kill, make · **To what, where:** crab, that, good meal

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, claws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:19:31
# text = The hare then shouted out to the crab to fight well, and that when she had killed the Elephantiasis they would both make a good meal off him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
4	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crab	crab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
11	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	nsubj	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Elephantiasis	elephantiasis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	both	both	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl:relcl	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
28	off	off	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout out** *speech: express* | past | the hare |  | the crab |  | then |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to crab=Recipient |
| 2 | **fight** | to-infinitive | the hare *not said here* |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive |  | that |  |  |  | crab *nsubj:pass*; the Elephantiasis *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer elephantiasis=Result |
| 4 | **make** | would | claws *= claw* | a good meal |  |  |  | off Elephantiasis; both *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset meal=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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