---
title: When she returned the hare told her that they should cook and eat hi… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: When she returned the hare told her that they should cook and eat his dead enemy, so he made up the fire, and the flesh was put into a pot to boil. Who acts: crab, shells, hare. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Th
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 39

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When she returned the hare told her that they should cook and eat his dead enemy, so he made up the fire, and the flesh was put into a pot to boil.

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**Who acts:** crab, shells, hare · **What happens:** return, tell, cook, eat, make up, put · **To what, where:** hare, crab, dead enemy, fire, flesh, pot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crab, shells, hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:19:39
# text = When she returned the hare told her that they should cook and eat his dead enemy, so he made up the fire, and the flesh was put into a pot to boil.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	cook	cook	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
30	into	into	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	boil	boil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | crab | the hare |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hare=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past |  |  | crab |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cook** *not said to happen* | should | shells *= shell* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **eat** | infinitive | shells *= shell* *not said here* | hare's dead enemy |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient |
| 5 | **make up** | past | hare | the fire |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fire=Pivot |
| 6 | **put** | past · passive |  | the flesh |  | a pot |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |
| 7 | **boil** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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