---
title: Having looked round everywhere carefully to see that no one was foll… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Having looked round everywhere carefully to see that no one was following or watching him, he commenced to eat the flesh of his late enemy. Who acts: hare, one. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 45

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Having looked round everywhere carefully to see that no one was following or watching him, he commenced to eat the flesh of his late enemy.

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**Who acts:** hare, one · **What happens:** have, look round, see, follow, watch, commence · **To what, where:** hare, flesh · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:19:45
# text = Having looked round everywhere carefully to see that no one was following or watching him, he commenced to eat the flesh of his late enemy.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
3	round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	commenced	commence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | hare *not said here* |  |  |  |  | carefully *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **look round** | participle | hare *not said here* |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | hare *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **follow** | past · progressive | no one |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **watch** | gerund | no one *not said here* | hare |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 6 | **commence** | past | hare |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **eat** | to-infinitive | hare *not said here* | the flesh of hare's late enemy |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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