--- title: The hare said, “All the trouble is now over, as I have gone through… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: The hare said, “All the trouble is now over, as I have gone through the ceremony of the war ju-ju, and the chief cut me on the tail so that in future I shall never die from war or fighting in any way.” Who acts: hare, trouble, chief. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphins --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/50/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Change…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/) / 50 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 50 The hare said, “All the trouble is now over, as I have gone through the ceremony of the war ju-ju, and the chief cut me on the tail so that in future I shall never die from war or fighting in any way.” **Who acts:** hare, trouble, chief · **What happens:** say, be, go, cut, not die · **To what, where:** ceremony, hare, tail · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, trouble, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:19:50 # text = The hare said, “All the trouble is now over, as I have gone through the ceremony of the war ju-ju, and the chief cut me on the tail so that in future I shall never die from war or fighting in any way.” 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 hare hare NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 5 “ " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 All all DET PDT PronType=Tot 8 det:predet _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 trouble trouble NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 10 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 11 advmod _ _ 11 over over ADV RB _ 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 as as SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 14 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 17 through through ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 ceremony ceremony NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 22 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 23 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 24 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 23 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 25 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 cut cut VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 31 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 iobj _ _ 32 on on ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 35 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 42 mark _ _ 36 that that SCONJ IN _ 35 fixed _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 future future NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 39 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 40 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 42 aux _ _ 41 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 42 advmod _ _ 42 die die VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 advcl _ _ 43 from from ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 45 or or CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 46 fighting fighting NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 conj _ _ 47 in in ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 49 det _ _ 49 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 51 ” " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the hare | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | all trouble | | | | now | over *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **go** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the hare *= hare* | | | the ceremony of the war ju ju | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through ceremony=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **cut** *in a quote* | past | the chief | | the hare *= hare* | the tail | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset i=Product | | 5 | **not** **die** *in a quote* | shall | the hare *= hare* | | | | | from war or fighting; in any way; in future | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in future=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/49/) - next →: [sentence 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/51/) - ↑ back to [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/)