---
title: When the evening meal was over, the two hares retired for the night,… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: When the evening meal was over, the two hares retired for the night, but when his wife had put the lamp out, the hare told her that if she wanted to get up during the night or light the lamp she must wake him up first, as otherwise his war ju-ju would be spoilt. Who acts: evening meal, hare, wife, l
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 52

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When the evening meal was over, the two hares retired for the night, but when his wife had put the lamp out, the hare told her that if she wanted to get up during the night or light the lamp she must wake him up first, as otherwise his war ju-ju would be spoilt.

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**Who acts:** evening meal, hare, wife, lamp · **What happens:** be, retire, put out, tell, want, get up · **To what, where:** two hares, wife, hare, war ju ju · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (evening meal, hare, wife, lamp), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:19:52
# text = When the evening meal was over, the two hares retired for the night, but when his wife had put the lamp out, the hare told her that if she wanted to get up during the night or light the lamp she must wake him up first, as otherwise his war ju-ju would be spoilt.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	over	over	ADV	RB	_	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	hares	hare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
11	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	21	mark	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	out	out	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
29	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	iobj	_	_
30	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
32	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	ccomp	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	xcomp	_	_
36	up	up	ADP	RP	_	35	compound:prt	_	_
37	during	during	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
40	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
44	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
45	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	wake	wake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	conj	_	_
47	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	obj	_	_
48	up	up	ADP	RP	_	46	compound:prt	_	_
49	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	46	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
51	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	60	mark	_	_
52	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
53	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	57	nmod:poss	_	_
54	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	compound	_	_
55	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	55	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	nsubj:pass	_	_
58	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	60	aux	_	_
59	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	60	aux:pass	_	_
60	spoilt	spoil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the evening meal |  |  |  |  | over *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **retire** | participle |  | the two hares *not said here* |  |  | night |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **put out** | past · perfect · passive |  | hare's wife |  |  |  | the lamp *obj* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Asset lamp=Goal |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the hare |  | wife |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **want** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | wife |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 6 | **get up** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | wife *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **wake up** | must | the lamp | hare |  |  |  | wife *nsubj*; first *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 8 | **spoil** | would · passive |  | hare's war ju ju |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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