---
title: Now the hare was tired after all his running, and very soon he was f… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Now the hare was tired after all his running, and very soon he was fast asleep, so when his wife was certain that he would not wake up easily, she got out of bed very quietly and lit the lamp, as she was extremely curious to know what the ju-ju man had done to her husband’s tail. Who acts: hare, wif
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 53

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Now the hare was tired after all his running, and very soon he was fast asleep, so when his wife was certain that he would not wake up easily, she got out of bed very quietly and lit the lamp, as she was extremely curious to know what the ju-ju man had done to her husband’s tail.

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**Who acts:** hare, wife, ju man · **What happens:** be, not wake up, get out, light, know, do · **To what, where:** bed, lamp · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, wife, ju man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:19:53
# text = Now the hare was tired after all his running, and very soon he was fast asleep, so when his wife was certain that he would not wake up easily, she got out of bed very quietly and lit the lamp, as she was extremely curious to know what the ju-ju man had done to her husband’s tail.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	running	running	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	17	advmod	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	17	advmod	_	_
17	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
20	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	24	mark	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
27	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
29	wake	wake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
35	out	out	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
38	very	very	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	lit	light	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	conj	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
45	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
46	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
47	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	cop	_	_
48	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
49	curious	curious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	conj	_	_
50	to	to	PART	TO	_	51	mark	_	_
51	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	49	csubj	_	_
52	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	59	obj	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
54	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	54	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	compound	_	_
57	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	nsubj	_	_
58	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	59	aux	_	_
59	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	51	ccomp	_	_
60	to	to	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
61	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	62	nmod:poss	_	_
62	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	’s	's	PART	POS	_	62	case	_	_
64	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the hare |  |  |  | after hare's running; now | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | hare |  |  |  |  | asleep, fast, soon *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | hare's wife |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **wake up** | would | hare |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **get out** | past | wife | bed |  |  |  | quietly *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **light** | past | wife *not said here* | the lamp |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lamp=Product |
| 7 | **is** | past | wife |  |  |  |  | curious, extremely *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **know** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 9 | **do** | past · perfect | the ju man |  |  |  |  | to wife's husband's tail; what *obj* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 10 | **run** |  | hare |  |  |  |  |  | nom running «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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