---
title: Then the hare woke up and began to abuse his wife, saying that she h… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the hare woke up and began to abuse his wife, saying that she had spoilt his ju-ju and would have to pay a great deal to make it right again. Who acts: hare, wife. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 55

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Then the hare woke up and began to abuse his wife, saying that she had spoilt his ju-ju and would have to pay a great deal to make it right again.

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**Who acts:** hare, wife · **What happens:** wake up, begin, abuse, say, spoil, have · **To what, where:** wife, ju ju, great deal, ju · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:19:55
# text = Then the hare woke up and began to abuse his wife, saying that she had spoilt his ju-ju and would have to pay a great deal to make it right again.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	abuse	abuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	spoilt	spoil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	ccomp	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
19	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	right	right	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	again	again	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wake up** | past | the hare |  |  |  | then |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the hare *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **abuse** | to-infinitive | the hare *not said here* | hare's wife |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wife=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the hare *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **spoil** | past · perfect | wife | hare's ju ju |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **have** | would | wife *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **pay** | to-infinitive | wife *not said here* | a great deal |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deal=Asset |
| 8 | **make** | to-infinitive | wife *not said here* | ju |  |  | again |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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