---
title: He was very wealthy, having many slaves, both male and female, and a… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: He was very wealthy, having many slaves, both male and female, and a large farm. Who acts: Inkum. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 81

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He was very wealthy, having many slaves, both male and female, and a large farm.

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**Who acts:** Inkum · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** many slaves

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inkum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:19:81
# text = He was very wealthy, having many slaves, both male and female, and a large farm.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	wealthy	wealthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	slaves	slave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc:preconj	_	_
11	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Inkum |  |  |  |  | a large farm *conj*; wealthy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | Inkum *not said here* | many slaves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slave=Patient |
| 3 | **be** |  | Inkum *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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