---
title: BY — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: BY A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ikom Folk Stories From Southern Nigeria., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ikom Folk Stories From Southern Nigeria., sentence 1

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BY

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ikom Folk Stories From Southern Nigeria.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:2:1
# text = BY
1	BY	by	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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