---
title: He then called Chief Erim’s name, and having put the two ju-jus into… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: He then called Chief Erim’s name, and having put the two ju-jus into the tombo, told the ju-ju to kill Chief Erim and not to harm anyone else. Who acts: Chief. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 21

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He then called Chief Erim’s name, and having put the two ju-jus into the tombo, told the ju-ju to kill Chief Erim and not to harm anyone else.

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**Who acts:** Chief · **What happens:** call, put, tell, kill, not harm, name · **To what, where:** name, ju jus, tombo, ju ju, Chief, anyone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:20:21
# text = He then called Chief Erim’s name, and having put the two ju-jus into the tombo, told the ju-ju to kill Chief Erim and not to harm anyone else.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	Erim	Erim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’s	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	aux	_	_
11	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	jus	jus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	tombo	tombo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	ccomp	_	_
28	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	Erim	Erim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	flat	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
34	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	33	obj	_	_
35	else	else	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | Chief | Chief's name |  |  | then |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | Chief *not said here* | the ju jus |  | the tombo |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent jus=Goal |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past |  | the ju ju |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent ju=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **kill** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | Chief |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chief=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **harm** | to-infinitive |  | anyone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus anyone=Experiencer |
| 6 | **name** |  | Chief |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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