--- title: The “pourer-out” drank the second glass, and Chief Erim drank the ne… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: The “pourer-out” drank the second glass, and Chief Erim drank the next, the tombo was then passed round until it was finished, but the head slave poured the last glass, which had the remains of the poison in it, on the ground in front of the ju-ju, which was in the middle of the compound; this he di --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Change…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/) / 25 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 25 The “pourer-out” drank the second glass, and Chief Erim drank the next, the tombo was then passed round until it was finished, but the head slave poured the last glass, which had the remains of the poison in it, on the ground in front of the ju-ju, which was in the middle of the compound; this he did when the Chief Erim’s back was turned so that he could not see. **Who acts:** pourer out, Chief, tombo, head slave, ju ju, this · **What happens:** drink, pass round, be, pour, have, do · **To what, where:** second glass, next, tombo, last glass, remains, ground This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pourer out, Chief, tombo, head slave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:20:25 # text = The “pourer-out” drank the second glass, and Chief Erim drank the next, the tombo was then passed round until it was finished, but the head slave poured the last glass, which had the remains of the poison in it, on the ground in front of the ju-ju, which was in the middle of the compound; this he did when the Chief Erim’s back was turned so that he could not see. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 2 “ " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 pourer pourer NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 4 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 5 out out NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 ” " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 7 drank drink VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 10 amod _ _ 10 glass glass NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 13 Chief Chief PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 14 Erim Erim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 flat _ _ 15 drank drink VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 tombo tombo NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 21 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 22 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 23 advmod _ _ 23 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 conj _ _ 24 round round ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 until until SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 28 finished finished ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 but but CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 slave slave NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 poured pour VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 glass glass NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 40 nsubj _ _ 40 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 remains remains NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 40 obj _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nmod _ _ 46 in in ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 48 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 49 on on ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl _ _ 52 in in ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 nmod _ _ 54 of of ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 58 det _ _ 56 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 57 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 56 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 58 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 59 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 60 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 64 nsubj _ _ 61 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 64 cop _ _ 62 in in ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 63 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 64 det _ _ 64 middle middle NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 appos _ _ 65 of of ADP IN _ 67 case _ _ 66 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 67 compound compound NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 68 ; ; PUNCT : _ 71 punct _ _ 69 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 71 nsubj _ _ 70 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 71 nsubj _ _ 71 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 72 when when SCONJ WRB _ 79 mark _ _ 73 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 75 det _ _ 74 Chief Chief PROPN NNP Number=Sing 75 compound _ _ 75 Erim Erim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 77 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 76 ’s 's PART POS _ 75 case _ _ 77 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 79 nsubj:pass _ _ 78 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 79 aux:pass _ _ 79 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 71 advcl _ _ 80 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 85 mark _ _ 81 that that SCONJ IN _ 80 fixed _ _ 82 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 85 nsubj _ _ 83 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 85 aux _ _ 84 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 85 advmod _ _ 85 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 79 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 86 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **drink** | past | the pourer out | the second glass | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Patient | | 2 | **drink** | past | Chief | the next | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent next=Patient | | 3 | **pass round** | past · passive | | the tombo | | | then | round *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory | | 4 | **is** | past | tombo | | | | | finished *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **pour** | past | the head slave | the last glass | | | | | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Patient | | 6 | **have** | past | | the remains of the poison in tombo | | the ground in front of the ju ju | | which *nsubj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remains=Patient | | 7 | **is** | past | the ju ju | | | the middle | | of the compound | tree rules | | 8 | **do** | past | this | | | | | Chief *nsubj* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **turn** | past · passive | | the Chief Erim's back | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | | 10 | **not** **see** | could | Chief | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/24/) - next →: [sentence 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/26/) - ↑ back to [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/)