---
title: You have only to give me your loin-cloth, and then when he has seen… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: You have only to give me your loin-cloth, and then when he has seen it he will know what is the matter with you after he has cast lots.” Who acts: You, ju. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, wi
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 31

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You have only to give me your loin-cloth, and then when he has seen it he will know what is the matter with you after he has cast lots.”

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**Who acts:** You, ju · **What happens:** have, give, see, know, be, cast · **To what, where:** loin cloth, me, order, matter, lots

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, ju), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:20:31
# text = You have only to give me your loin-cloth, and then when he has seen it he will know what is the matter with you after he has cast lots.”
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
8	loin	loin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
13	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
14	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	17	mark	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
22	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	25	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	parataxis	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	25	nmod	_	_
28	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	ccomp	_	_
32	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | You |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | You *not said here* | your loin cloth | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient cloth=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | present · perfect | ju | order |  |  | then |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 4 | **know** | future | ju |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **is a** | present |  | the matter |  |  |  | with you; what *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **cast** | present · perfect | ju | lots |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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