---
title: Hence the saying, “A small ju-ju has a small sacrifice, and a big ju… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Hence the saying, “A small ju-ju has a small sacrifice, and a big ju-ju has a big sacrifice.” Who acts: small ju ju, big ju ju. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 10

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Hence the saying, “A small ju-ju has a small sacrifice, and a big ju-ju has a big sacrifice.”

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**Who acts:** small ju ju, big ju ju · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** saying, big sacrifice

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small ju ju, big ju ju), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:21:10
# text = Hence the saying, “A small ju-ju has a small sacrifice, and a big ju-ju has a big sacrifice.”
1	Hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	saying	saying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	sacrifice	sacrifice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
19	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	sacrifice	sacrifice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | a small ju ju | the saying |  |  |  | a small sacrifice *obj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sacrifice=Patient |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | a big ju ju | a big sacrifice |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sacrifice=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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